Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics

For over six decades, robots have been deployed across the industrial landscape, yet only recently have advancements in artificial intelligence begun to drive their hardware capabilities to new heights.

These AI processes are supercharging the ability of industrial robots to make decisions, augment traditionally-human workflows, and ultimately help companies stay competitive.

AI brings a new level of precision to industrial processes, with robots handling tasks faster and more accurately than ever before. In fact, a recent study found that AI-enabled robots could reduce errors by 50% or more. 

This shift not only accelerates production timelines but also drives down costs, making AI and robotics a true transformation for modern industries.

According to market projections, the global AI in robotics market is expected to grow from $12.3 billion in 2023 to $146.8 billion by 2033. Leaders are embracing these technologies as essential tools for creating smarter operations that can quickly respond and adapt to shifting demands.

Let’s explore the evolving role of AI in robotics and its impact across multiple sectors. Along the way, we’ll highlight key advancements, use cases, and the future potential of these intelligent machines.

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Robotics

Before delving into how artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning fuel robotics innovations, it’s important to first recognize that these are interconnected yet distinct approaches to creating intelligent systems.

AI encompasses the broad field of developing intelligent machines, while machine learning is a subset focused on enabling systems to learn and improve from data. Deep learning, a more specialized subset, uses neural networks to solve highly complex problems.

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) 

Since their invention in the 1960s, robots have always been able to act, but increasingly, they are being given the ability to think, reason, and solve problems. The shift is significant, as it enables robots to complete vastly more complex tasks, like navigating dynamic environments or performing intricate quality control inspections, without having to rely on a human to define their every action.

The basic building blocks of a sophisticated, AI-powered robot are threefold: robots need the ability to perceive their environment, process information, and make autonomous decisions. Artificial intelligence supports all of these processes.

AI further powers the decision-making capabilities of robots, enabling them to perform complex tasks autonomously. AI systems analyze data from sensors, cameras, and other input sources, helping robots interact more effectively with their surroundings.

For example, Zenni Optical, an online eyewear retailer, used AI-driven robotics from OSARO to enhance order fulfillment. By integrating OSARO's robotic picking system with AI-enhanced computer vision and machine learning, Zenni Optical dramatically improved its operations. 

This integration resulted in a 99.9% order accuracy rate, reducing order mix-ups from 20 to 2.5 per 100,000. Additionally, they increased hourly order processing by 50% and cut fulfillment steps from five to two. Pretty impressive, right?

2. Machine Learning (ML)

Machine Learning (ML), a subset of AI, focuses on developing algorithms that enable robots to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on historical data. By identifying patterns and trends in large datasets, ML algorithms are used to fine-tune robotic operations and improve their accuracy over time, enhancing performance in tasks like assembly, picking, and inspection.

Researchers are using machine learning techniques, like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), to improve the precision of industrial robot movements. One study showed that ANNs reduced mean positioning errors by 46-96%, while SVR reduced errors by 42-98%.

This innovation helps robots meet the tight tolerances needed in aerospace and other precision manufacturing, making them viable for high-accuracy tasks.

3. Deep Learning (DL)

Deep Learning (DL) takes machine learning (ML) a step further by using artificial neural networks to model and understand complex patterns in large, unstructured datasets. These networks mimic how human and animal brains adapt to dynamic inputs. With the ability to process vast amounts of information, robots can recognize patterns, make predictions, and even comprehend human commands.

IBM, for example, uses deep learning in IIoT devices to spot defects more accurately and efficiently than human inspectors. This automated visual inspection catches flaws that are often missed by humans.

This is a prime example of deep learning because it involves neural networks analyzing vast streams of visual data in real-time. These neural networks allow the system to continually learn from the data, refining its ability to detect defects with each new image processed.

How AI Improves Industrial Robots

Perceiving Environments

AI enables robots to perceive and interpret their surroundings with greater accuracy, leading to smarter decision-making. From detecting obstacles to identifying objects, robots equipped with AI can respond in real-time. This improved perception helps robots navigate complex spaces and interact safely with human workers and other machines.

For instance, the DeeperSense project, led by the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), is using AI to enhance how robotic underwater vehicles perceive their surroundings. By combining visual and acoustic sensors through deep learning, the project aims to help robots operate better in tough conditions like murky waters, tight ship tanks, and dark caves.

DeeperSense will test its approach in three scenarios: monitoring divers in cloudy waters, exploring coral reefs, and mapping the seabed. This sensor fusion has the potential to greatly improve the autonomous robots’ ability to navigate complex underwater environments, paving the way for new maritime applications.

Autonomous Robots

AMRs

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) mark a significant evolution from Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence.

While AGVs rely on fixed paths and predefined routes, AMRs use AI algorithms for real-time decision-making, enabling them to navigate dynamically, avoid obstacles, and adapt to changing environments in real time.

This intelligence allows AMRs to operate more flexibly in complex settings, making them ideal for modern warehouses, manufacturing, and logistics where agility and efficiency are crucial. 

By 2025, over 50% of autonomous mobile robots are expected to integrate advanced AI technologies to improve their capabilities.

AGVs

AGVs leverage AI mainly to optimize their operations within the fixed routes that they follow to transport materials within a facility. AI helps them with tasks like efficient route scheduling, load balancing, and fleet coordination, improving throughput in controlled environments like production lines or warehouses with well-defined paths.

Unlike AMRs, which use AI for real-time navigation and obstacle avoidance, AGVs depend on external markers or wires to move and do not adapt to changes in the environment. This makes AGVs more suited for repetitive tasks in predictable settings, where consistent performance is prioritized over flexibility.

We can, however, see the expansive use of AI in their FMS systems.

Cobots

AI gives cobots real-time responsiveness and task adaptation. Unlike AGVs and AMRs, cobots use AI to refine precision tasks like assembly and welding by adjusting force and positioning based on sensor feedback.

AI also helps cobots recognize human gestures and adapt to unpredictable workflows, making them more suitable for tasks that require direct human interaction and fine motor skills.

Universal Robots produces collaborative robots, or cobots, designed to safely work alongside human employees in shared workspaces. Their UR3e and UR5e models can perform tasks such as assembly and material handling, using advanced sensors to detect nearby humans and adjust their movements accordingly. Machine learning algorithms enable these robots to learn from human actions over time, continuously improving their performance and adapting to new tasks. 

By taking on repetitive or physically demanding tasks, these cobots also enable human workers to focus on more complex aspects of production.

Predictive Maintenance

Predictive maintenance heavily relies on AI to identify potential equipment issues before they escalate, reducing downtime and costs. 

IBM’s Watson IoT platform offers one such solution. Using machine learning algorithms, AI analyzes sensor data to detect anomalies and identify patterns, predicting equipment failures before they occur. This system helps businesses adjust maintenance schedules, cut repair costs, and reduce downtime.

Machine learning can also quickly mine maintenance logs to find the best repair strategies and maintenance cycles. As a result, IBM’s solution is designed to optimize operations and extend equipment life across industries like manufacturing, energy, and transportation.

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing enables robots to process data remotely and store vast amounts of data, boosting their capabilities without heavy onboard computing.  By connecting to the cloud, robots can access advanced analytics and machine learning models that would be too complex to run on local hardware. This approach not only enhances efficiency but also brings affordability and scalability to the entire robotics ecosystem.

Key Industries

AI and Robotics in Manufacturing

The smart manufacturing market is predicted to grow from $223.6 billion to an impressive $985.5 billion by 2032. The World Economic Forum expects over 50% of manufacturers to adopt AI by 2025, reflecting this rapid shift.

These systems don’t just automate repetitive tasks—they enable flexible production lines and mass customization. Manufacturers are reporting productivity increases of up to 50% and a 90% improvement in defect detection compared to traditional methods. 

In manufacturing, AI-driven robots now handle tasks like assembly, quality control, and predictive maintenance. 

AI and Robotics in Warehouses

AI and robotics are rapidly transforming warehouse operations by enhancing inventory management, order fulfillment, and logistics.

According to recent statistics, the global AI in warehousing market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 26.8% between 2024 and 2032, reaching a value of $8.3 billion in 2023. Adoption of these technologies is accelerating, with 85% of companies planning to deploy some form of automation in their warehouses within the next 12 months.

In particular, autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) for pallet-sized loads are gaining traction, with 31% of facilities indicating they planned to deploy them soon.

These advancements are fueled by the urgent need to address labor shortages—an issue faced by 41% of warehouse managers struggling to attract and retain talent—as well as to improve order fulfillment accuracy and meet the increasing demands of e-commerce.

AI and Robotics in Healthcare

In healthcare, AI-driven robots are increasingly assisting in surgeries, patient care, and logistics, ensuring higher precision and better outcomes.

In a major medical breakthrough, the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) performed a laparoscopic surgery entirely on its own—without any human guidance. Developed by Johns Hopkins researchers, STAR completed a complex soft tissue procedure on pigs, reconnecting two ends of an intestine.

Using AI-powered algorithms, including convolutional neural networks trained on over 9,000 motion profiles, STAR predicts tissue movement and plans sutures. Its 3D imaging and real-time tracking enable it to adjust to shifting tissues and patient breathing.

This autonomous surgery marks a leap forward in making complex procedures safer, more efficient, and more reliable.

AI and Robotics in Mining

AI-powered robotics in mining brings significant gains to safety, precision, and efficiency. Autonomous mining vehicles navigate challenging terrains and hazardous areas without human drivers, optimizing drilling and extraction and reducing the risk of accidents. In fact, McKinsey and Company estimated that up to 30% of manual mining tasks will be fully automated by 2030.

Rio Tinto, a global mining giant, deployed AI-driven autonomous drills at its iron ore mines in Western Australia. Built with Epiroc, these drills use AI and sensors to navigate, position, and perform precise drilling with minimal human input. Real-time geological data analysis allows for on-the-fly adjustments.

Since adoption, Rio Tinto has seen a 15% boost in productivity and better worker safety by keeping humans out of hazardous zones. The company aims to expand this tech across more mining sites.

AI and Robotics in Agriculture

AI robotics in agriculture enhance productivity and sustainability through precision farming, crop monitoring, and automated harvesting. 

French startup Meropy has created SentiV, an agricultural robot transforming crop monitoring. Weighing just 33 pounds, SentiV’s rimless spoked wheels let it navigate fields with minimal crop impact.

Unlike traditional robots, it inspects crops from above and below using two cameras. Its AI algorithms analyze images to detect pests, diseases, and plant needs, covering up to 50 acres daily.

Farmers can customize SentiV’s width and height with modular wheels, making it adaptable to different crops. While still a prototype, SentiV offers precise, AI-driven insights to help optimize water, fertilizer, and resources, paving the way for more sustainable and higher-yield farming.

AI and Robotics: News and Trends

Driverless Industrial Vehicles

AI-powered driverless industrial vehicles are changing the game for manufacturing, warehousing, and logistics by boosting efficiency, safety, and productivity.

At Cyngn, we’re leading this shift with AI-powered autonomous driving solutions tailored for industrial use. Our flagship product, DriveMod, can be retrofitted into existing vehicles or added to new ones, making self-driving adoption cost-effective. 

In one case study, our autonomous stock chaser cut human labor costs by 64% compared to a traditional forklift and improved efficiency by 33% over an electric pallet jack.

AI-Assisted Teleoperations

According to an InsightSlice report, the global teleoperations market was estimated to be US $403 Million in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 23.1% from 2023 to 2032. AI teleoperations provide remote control over robots, enabling precise maneuvering even from afar.

One notable example is NVIDIA and UC San Diego's AnyTeleop system, which allows users to control various robotic arms and hands using just hand movements captured by cameras. This system can cover an impressive 50 acres per day in agricultural applications.

In the medical field, the da Vinci Surgical System has performed over 10 million minimally invasive procedures worldwide since its introduction, demonstrating the widespread adoption of teleoperated robotic systems in critical applications. These technologies are not only enhancing precision and safety but also addressing labor shortages in industries ranging from manufacturing to healthcare.

Industrial Retrofits

The process of upgrading traditional industrial robots with AI technologies is becoming increasingly common as manufacturers seek to enhance the flexibility, efficiency, and capabilities of their existing robotic systems. This process extends the lifespan of existing machinery while reducing operational costs and increasing flexibility in manufacturing processes.

Leading companies like Fanuc, Kuka, and Siemens are achieving real-world success by retrofitting their robots with AI.

Fanuc’s Field system boosts connectivity and performance, while KUKA’s AI-enhanced robots adapt to new tasks, cutting reprogramming time significantly. Similarly, Siemens uses AI to enhance robot flexibility, allowing for smarter, sensory-driven automation.

Improved Employee Safety

AI-driven robots enhance workplace safety by taking over hazardous tasks and reducing human exposure to risks.

In 2018, BHP faced a dangerously over-pressurized water pipe deep in their Nickel West mine in Australia. To address it safely, they deployed a robot remotely, which successfully cut the pipe and relieved the pressure—eliminating the need for human entry into the hazardous area.

This approach, developed with partners like Woodside and NASA engineers, not only resolved the issue quickly but also kept workers out of harm’s way, underscoring how industrial robotics can enhance safety by taking on high-risk tasks.

Not only can robots enhance safety by navigating hazardous areas, but they can also improve safety by handling heavy lifting and other risky operations.

Material Handling

Smart robots optimize material handling by adjusting workflows based on real-time data, improving efficiency and reducing errors.

Cyngn's deployment of the DriveMod Stockchaser at Global Logistics & Fulfillment is the perfect example, as it increased productivity by 33% and cut labor costs per pallet by 64% during just a four-week pilot. The autonomous vehicle enabled workers to shift focus to higher-value tasks, improving workflow efficiency.

Real-time data also helped streamline operations and enhance safety. The case study highlights how autonomous solutions can optimize warehouse efficiency and reduce operational costs.

Bring AI-Powered Robotics to Your Business with Cyngn

At Cyngn, AI has made significant contributions to the development of our AMRs.  We use learning-based approaches for computer vision to analyze, interpret, and understand sensor data, including deep learning and machine learning models that can learn and improve from experience. 

This allows our AMRs, including the DriveMod Tugger, DriveMod Forklift, and DriveMod Stockchaser, to achieve:

1. Safe and efficient driving in dynamic environments 
2. Completion of unique tasks
3. Semantic segmentation for accurate localization
4. Cheaper and faster deployment bring-up

As a result, our self-driving vehicles can do the most demanding industrial jobs. By bringing our AMRs to your organization, you can harness the power of AI-driven robotics to streamline operations, reduce costs, and enhance productivity in your business.

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